Thus Bloemfontein had fallen into the hands of the English; but whatever
valuables it contained were spared by the enemy. I did not myself consider
the place much superior to any other town, and I would not have thought it a
matter of any great importance if it had been destroyed. Still, I felt it to
be very regrettable that the town should have been surrendered without a
shot.
How can I describe my feelings when I saw Bloemfontein in the hands of the
English? It was enough to break the heart of the bravest man amongst us.
Even worse than the fall of our capital was the fact that, as was only to be
expected, the burghers had become entirely disheartened; and it seemed as if
they were incapable now of offering any further resistance. The commandos
were completely demoralized. Indeed! the burghers from Fauresmith and
Jacobsdal had already returned home from Poplar Grove without asking for
permission to do so; and now all the others were hurrying back in the
greatest disorder to their own districts.
I
felt sure that Lord Roberts' troops would remain for some time in the
capital, in order to obtain the rest they must have sorely needed. And I now
asked myself what I could do whilst the English were remaining inactive. For
notwithstanding all that had happened, I had not for a single moment the
thought of surrender. It seemed to me that my best course was to allow the
burghers, who had now been away from their families for six months, an
opportunity to take breath![29]
After everything had been arranged I went to Brandfort and thence to
Kroonstad, at which place I was to meet President Steyn, who had left
Bloemfontein the evening before it fell.
On
my road to Kroonstad I fell in with General P.J. Joubert, who had come to
the Free State, hoping to be able to discover some method for checking the
advance of Lord Roberts. He was anything but pleased to hear that I had
given my men permission to remain at home till the 25th of March.
"Do you mean to tell me," he asked, "that you are going to give the English
a free hand, whilst your men take their holidays?"
"I
cannot catch a hare, General, with unwilling dogs," I made reply.
But this did not satisfy the old warrior at all. At last I said:
"You know the Afrikanders as well as I do, General. It is not our fault that
they don't know what discipline means. Whatever I had said or done, the
burghers would have gone home; but I'll give you my word that those who come
back will fight with renewed courage."
I
knew very well that there were some who would not return, but I preferred to
command ten men who were willing to fight, rather than a hundred who shirked
their duties.
Meanwhile President Steyn had proclaimed Kroonstad as the seat of the
Government, so that in future all matters were to be settled there.
On
March 20th, 1900, a war council was held, which was attended by from fifty
to sixty officers. President Steyn presided; and there sat beside him that
simple statesman, grown grey in his country's service—President Kruger.
The chief officers at this council were Commandant General Joubert, Generals
De la Rey, Philip Botha, Froneman, C.P. Cronje, J.B. Wessels, and myself. A
number of the members of both Governments also put in an appearance at this
meeting.
Do
not let it be imagined that the object we had in view was to come to an
agreement on any peace proposal made by the English. Nothing could have been
further from our minds than this. Lord Salisbury's letter to our two
Presidents, demanding unconditional surrender, had rendered any thought of
peace impossible. On the contrary, we were concerned to discover the best
method of continuing the war. We knew, I need scarcely say, that humanly
speaking ultimate victory for us was out of the question—that had been clear
from the very beginning. For how could our diminutive army hope to stand
against the overwhelming numbers at the enemy's command? Yet we had always
felt that no one is worthy of the name of man who is not ready to vindicate
the right, be the odds what they may. We knew also, that the Afrikanders,
although devoid of all military discipline, had the idea of independence
deeply rooted in their hearts, and that they were worthy to exist as a Free
Nation under a Republican form of Government.
I
shall not enter upon all that happened at that meeting. I shall merely note
here that besides deciding to continue the war more energetically than ever,
we agreed unanimously that the great waggon-camps should be done away with,
and that henceforth only horse-commandos should be employed. The sad
experience we had gained from six months' warfare, and more especially the
great misfortune that had overtaken the big waggon-camp of General Cronje,
were our reasons for this new regulation.[30]
I
left the meeting firmly determined that, come what might, I should never
allow another waggon-camp. But, as the reader will see before he has
concluded the perusal of these pages, it was not until many months had
elapsed that the waggons were finally suppressed. All the mischief that they
were destined to bring upon the African Nation was not yet completed.
One of the effects of this council was to produce an unusually good spirit
among the officers and burghers. There was only one thought in my mind, and
only one word on every tongue: "FORWARD!"
I
proceeded from Kroonstad to the railway bridge at Zand River, and remained
there until the 25th of March, when the commandos reassembled. What I had
foreseen occurred. The burghers were different men altogether, and returned
with renewed courage to the fight. They streamed in such large numbers on
this and the following days, that my highest hopes were surpassed. It is
true that certain burghers had remained behind. Such was the case with the
men from Fauresmith and Jacobsdal, and with a large proportion of the
commandos from Philippolis, Smithfield, Wepener, and Bloemfontein. But with
these burghers I was unable to deal on account of Lord Roberts'
Proclamations, which made it impossible for me to compel the burghers to
join the commando; and I decided that I had better wait until I had done
some good work with the men I had, before I made any attempt to bring the
others back to the commando.
On
the 25th of March we went to Brandfort. The arrival of the burghers at the
village doubled and even trebled its population. I was forced to close the
hotels, as I discovered that my men were being supplied with drink. From
this I do not wish the reader to infer that the Afrikanders are drunkards,
for this is far from being the case. On the contrary, when compared with
other nations, they are remarkable for their sobriety, and it is considered
by them a disgrace for a man to be drunk.
[29] The men I still had with me belonged to commandos from Bloemfontein,
Ladybrand, Wepener, Ficksburg, Bethlehem and Winburg. They were respectively
under Commandants Piet Fourie, Crowther, Fouche, De Villiers, Michal
Prinsloo and Vilonel; and these Commandants took orders from Vechtgeneraals
J.B. Wessels, A.P. Cronje, C.C. Froneman, W. Kolbe and Philip Botha.
The Colesberg and Stormberg commandos had received the order to go
northwards in the direction of Thaba'Nchu and Ladybrand. These commandos
also had been panic-stricken since General Cronje's surrender.
The Kroonstad, Heilbron, Harrismith and Vrede burghers, under
Commander-in-Chief Prinsloo, were directed to remain where they were, and
guard the Drakensberg.
General De la Rey followed my example, and gave his men permission to return
home for some time.
[30] This council also enacted that officers should be very chary in
accepting doctors' certificates. The old law had laid it down that if a
burgher produced a medical certificate, declaring him unfit for duty, he
should be exempted from service. That there had been a grave abuse of this
was the experience of almost every officer. There were several very dubious
cases; and it was curious to note how many sudden attacks of heart disease
occurred—if one were to credit the medical certificates. I remember myself
that on the 7th of March, when the burghers fled from Poplar Grove, I had
thrust upon me suddenly eight separate certificates, which had all been
issued that morning, each declaring that some burgher or other was suffering
from disease of the heart. When the eighth was presented to me, and I found
that it also alleged the same complaint, I lost all patience, and let the
doctor know that was quite enough for one day. When this question of
certificates was discussed at the council, I suggested in joke that no
certificate should be accepted unless it was signed by three old women, as a
guarantee of good faith. The system had indeed been carried to such lengths,
and certificates had been issued right and left in such a lavish manner,
that one almost suspected that the English must have had a hand in it!
