Lourenço Marques: December 22, 1899,
How unhappy is that poor man who loses his liberty! What can the wide
world give him in exchange? No degree of material comfort, no consciousness
of correct behaviour, can balance the hateful degradation of imprisonment.
Before I had been an hour in captivity, as the previous pages evidence, I
resolved to escape. Many plans suggested themselves, were examined, and
rejected. For a month I thought of nothing else. But the peril and
difficulty restrained action. I think that it was the report of the British
defeat at Stormberg that clinched the matter. All the news we heard in
Pretoria was derived from Boer sources, and was hideously exaggerated and
distorted. Every day we read in the 'Volksstem'—probably the most astounding
tissue of lies ever presented to the public under the name of a newspaper—of
Boer victories and of the huge slaughters and shameful flights of the
British. However much one might doubt and discount these tales, they made a
deep impression. A month's feeding on such literary garbage weakens the
constitution of the mind. We wretched prisoners lost heart. Perhaps Great
Britain would not persevere; perhaps Foreign Powers would intervene; perhaps
there would be another disgraceful, cowardly peace. At the best the war and
our confinement would be prolonged for many months. I do not pretend that
impatience at being locked up was not the foundation of my determination;
but I should never have screwed up my courage to make the attempt without
the earnest desire to do something, however small, to help the British
cause. Of course, I am a man of peace. I did not then contemplate becoming
an officer of Irregular Horse. But swords are not the only weapons in the
world. Something may be done with a pen. So I determined to take all
hazards; and, indeed, the affair was one of very great danger and
difficulty.
The States Model Schools stand in the midst of a quadrangle, and are
surrounded on two sides by an iron grille and on two by a corrugated iron
fence about 10 ft. high. These boundaries offered little obstacle to anyone
who possessed the activity of youth, but the fact that they were guarded on
the inside by sentries, fifty yards apart, armed with rifle and revolver,
made them a well-nigh insuperable barrier. No walls are so hard to pierce as
living walls. I thought of the penetrating power of gold, and the sentries
were sounded. They were incorruptible. I seek not to deprive them of the
credit, but the truth is that the bribery market in the Transvaal has been
spoiled by the millionaires. I could not afford with my slender resources to
insult them heavily enough. So nothing remained but to break out in spite of
them. With another officer who may for the present—since he is still a
prisoner—remain nameless, I formed a scheme.
After anxious reflection and continual watching, it was discovered that
when the sentries near the offices walked about on their beats they were at
certain moments unable to see the top of a few yards of the wall. The
electric lights in the middle of the quadrangle brilliantly lighted the
whole place but cut off the sentries beyond them from looking at the eastern
wall, for from behind the lights all seemed darkness by contrast. The first
thing was therefore to pass the two sentries near the offices. It was
necessary to hit off the exact moment when both their backs should be turned
together. After the wall was scaled we should be in the garden of the villa
next door. There our plan came to an end. Everything after this was vague
and uncertain. How to get out of the garden, how to pass unnoticed through
the streets, how to evade the patrols that surrounded the town, and above
all how to cover the two hundred and eighty miles to the Portuguese
frontiers, were questions which would arise at a later stage. All attempts
to communicate with friends outside had failed. We cherished the hope that
with chocolate, a little Kaffir knowledge, and a great deal of luck, we
might march the distance in a fortnight, buying mealies at the native kraals
and lying hidden by day. But it did not look a very promising prospect.
We determined to try on the night of the 11th of December, making up our
minds quite suddenly in the morning, for these things are best done on the
spur of the moment. I passed the afternoon in positive terror. Nothing,
since my schooldays, has ever disturbed me so much as this. There is
something appalling in the idea of stealing secretly off in the night like a
guilty thief. The fear of detection has a pang of its own. Besides, we knew
quite well that on occasion, even on excuse, the sentries would fire.
Fifteen yards is a short range. And beyond the immediate danger lay a
prospect of severe hardship and suffering, only faint hopes of success, and
the probability at the best of five months in Pretoria Gaol.
The afternoon dragged tediously away. I tried to read Mr. Lecky's
'History of England,' but for the first time in my life that wise writer
wearied me. I played chess and was hopelessly beaten. At last it grew dark.
At seven o'clock the bell for dinner rang and the officers trooped off. Now
was the time. But the sentries gave us no chance. They did not walk about.
One of them stood exactly opposite the only practicable part of the wall. We
waited for two hours, but the attempt was plainly impossible, and so with a
most unsatisfactory feeling of relief to bed.
Tuesday, the 12th! Another day of fear, but fear crystallising more and
more into desperation. Anything was better than further suspense. Night came
again. Again the dinner bell sounded. Choosing my opportunity I strolled
across the quadrangle and secreted myself in one of the offices. Through a
chink I watched the sentries. For half an hour they remained stolid and
obstructive. Then all of a sudden one turned and walked up to his comrade
and they began to talk. Their backs were turned. Now or never. I darted out
of my hiding place and ran to the wall, seized the top with my hands and
drew myself up. Twice I let myself down again in sickly hesitation, and then
with a third resolve scrambled up. The top was flat. Lying on it I had one
parting glimpse of the sentries, still talking, still with their backs
turned; but, I repeat, fifteen yards away. Then I lowered myself silently
down into the adjoining garden and crouched among the shrubs. I was free.
The first step had been taken, and it was irrevocable.
It now remained to await the arrival of my comrade. The bushes of the
garden gave a good deal of cover, and in the moonlight their shadows lay
black on the ground. Twenty yards away was the house, and I had not been
five minutes in hiding before I perceived that it was full of people; the
windows revealed brightly lighted rooms, and within I could see figures
moving about. This was a fresh complication. We had always thought the house
unoccupied. Presently—how long afterwards I do not know, for the ordinary
measures of time, hours, minutes, and seconds are quite meaningless on such
occasions—a man came out of the door and walked across the garden in my
direction. Scarcely ten yards away he stopped and stood still, looking
steadily towards me. I cannot describe the surge of panic which nearly
overwhelmed me. I must be discovered. I dared not stir an inch. My heart
beat so violently that I felt sick. But amid a tumult of emotion, reason,
seated firmly on her throne, whispered, 'Trust to the dark background.' I
remained absolutely motionless. For a long time the man and I remained
opposite each other, and every instant I expected him to spring forward. A
vague idea crossed my mind that I might silence him. 'Hush, I am a
detective. We expect that an officer will break out here to-night. I am
waiting to catch him.' Reason—scornful this time—replied: 'Surely a
Transvaal detective would speak Dutch. Trust to the shadow.' So I trusted,
and after a spell another man came out of the house, lighted a cigar, and
both he and the other walked off together. No sooner had they turned than a
cat pursued by a dog rushed into the bushes and collided with me. The
startled animal uttered a 'miaul' of alarm and darted back again, making a
horrible rustling. Both men stopped at once. But it was only the cat, as
they doubtless observed, and they passed out of the garden gate into the
town.
I looked at my watch. An hour had passed since I climbed the wall. Where
was my comrade? Suddenly I heard a voice from within the quadrangle say,
quite loud, 'All up.' I crawled back to the wall. Two officers were walking
up and down the other side jabbering Latin words, laughing and talking all
manner of nonsense—amid which I caught my name. I risked a cough. One of the
officers immediately began to chatter alone. The other said slowly and
clearly, '... cannot get out. The sentry suspects. It's all up. Can you get
back again?' But now all my fears fell from me at once. To go back was
impossible. I could not hope to climb the wall unnoticed. Fate pointed
onwards. Besides, I said to myself, 'Of course, I shall be recaptured, but I
will at least have a run for my money.' I said to the officers, 'I shall go
on alone.'
Now I was in the right mood for these undertakings—that is to say that,
thinking failure almost certain, no odds against success affected me. All
risks were less than the certainty. A glance at the plan (p. 182) will show
that the rate which led into the road was only a few yards from another
sentry. I said to myself, 'Toujours de l'audace:' put my hat on my head,
strode into the middle of the garden, walked past the windows of the house
without any attempt at concealment, and so went through the gate and turned
to the left. I passed the sentry at less than five yards. Most of them knew
me by sight. Whether he looked at me or not I do not know, for I never
turned my head. But after walking a hundred yards and hearing no challenge,
I knew that the second obstacle had been surmounted. I was at large in
Pretoria.
I walked on leisurely through the night humming a tune and choosing the
middle of the road. The streets were full of Burghers, but they paid no
attention to me. Gradually I reached the suburbs, and on a little bridge I
sat down to reflect and consider. I was in the heart of the enemy's country.
I knew no one to whom I could apply for succour. Nearly three hundred miles
stretched between me and Delagoa Bay. My escape must be known at dawn.
Pursuit would be immediate. Yet all exits were barred. The town was
picketed, the country was patrolled, the trains were searched, the line was
guarded. I had 75l. in my pocket and four slabs of chocolate, but the
compass and the map which might have guided me, the opium tablets and meat
lozenges which should have sustained me, were in my friend's pockets in the
States Model Schools. Worst of all, I could not speak a word of Dutch or
Kaffir, and how was I to get food or direction?
But when hope had departed, fear had gone as well. I formed a plan. I
would find the Delagoa Bay Railway. Without map or compass I must follow
that in spite of the pickets. I looked at the stars. Orion shone brightly.
Scarcely a year ago he had guided me when lost in the desert to the banks of
the Nile. He had given me water. Now he should lead to freedom. I could not
endure the want of either.
After walking south for half a mile, I struck the railroad. Was it the
line to Delagoa Bay or the Pietersburg branch? If it were the former it
should run east. But so far as I could see this line ran northwards. Still,
it might be only winding its way out among the hills. I resolved to follow
it. The night was delicious. A cool breeze fanned my face and a wild feeling
of exhilaration took hold of me. At any rate, I was free, if only for an
hour. That was something. The fascination of the adventure grew. Unless the
stars in their courses fought for me I could not escape. Where, then, was
the need of caution? I marched briskly along the line. Here and there the
lights of a picket fire gleamed. Every bridge had its watchers. But I passed
them all, making very short detours at the dangerous places, and really
taking scarcely any precautions. Perhaps that was the reason I succeeded.
As I walked I extended my plan. I could not march three hundred miles to
the frontier. I would board a train in motion and hide under the seats, on
the roof, on the couplings—anywhere. What train should I take? The first, of
course. After walking for two hours I perceived the signal lights of a
station. I left the line, and, circling round it, hid in the ditch by the
track about 200 yards beyond it. I argued that the train would stop at the
station and that it would not have got up too much speed by the time it
reached me. An hour passed. I began to grow impatient. Suddenly I heard the
whistle and the approaching rattle. Then the great yellow head lights of the
engine flashed into view. The train waited five minutes at the station and
started again with much noise and steaming. I crouched by the track. I
rehearsed the act in my mind. I must wait until the engine had passed,
otherwise I should be seen. Then I must make a dash for the carriages.
The train started slowly, but gathered speed sooner than I had expected.
The flaring lights drew swiftly near. The rattle grew into a roar. The dark
mass hung for a second above me. The engine-driver silhouetted against his
furnace glow, the black profile of the engine, the clouds of steam rushed
past. Then I hurled myself on the trucks, clutched at something, missed,
clutched again, missed again, grasped some sort of hand-hold, was swung off
my feet—my toes bumping on the line, and with a struggle seated myself on
the couplings of the fifth truck from the front of the train. It was a goods
train, and the trucks were full of sacks, soft sacks covered with coal dust.
I crawled on top and burrowed in among them. In five minutes I was
completely buried. The sacks were warm and comfortable. Perhaps the
engine-driver had seen me rush up to the train and would give the alarm at
the next station: on the other hand, perhaps not. Where was the train going
to? Where would it be unloaded? Would it be searched? Was it on the Delagoa
Bay line? What should I do in the morning? Ah, never mind that. Sufficient
for the day was the luck thereof. Fresh plans for fresh contingencies. I
resolved to sleep, nor can I imagine a more pleasing lullaby than the
clatter of the train that carries you at twenty miles an hour away from the
enemy's capital.
How long I slept I do not know, but I woke up suddenly with all feelings
of exhilaration gone, and only the consciousness of oppressive difficulties
heavy on me. I must leave the train before daybreak, so that I could drink
at a pool and find some hiding-place while it was still dark. Another night
I would board another train. I crawled from my cosy hiding-place among the
sacks and sat again on the couplings. The train was running at a fair speed,
but I felt it was time to leave it. I took hold of the iron handle at the
back of the truck, pulled strongly with my left hand, and sprang. My feet
struck the ground in two gigantic strides, and the next instant I was
sprawling in the ditch, considerably shaken but unhurt. The train, my
faithful ally of the night, hurried on its journey.
It was still dark. I was in the middle of a wide valley, surrounded by
low hills, and carpeted with high grass drenched in dew. I searched for
water in the nearest gully, and soon found a clear pool. I was very thirsty,
but long after I had quenched my thirst I continued to drink, that I might
have sufficient for the whole day.
Presently the dawn began to break, and the sky to the east grew yellow
and red, slashed across with heavy black clouds. I saw with relief that the
railway ran steadily towards the sunrise. I had taken the right line, after
all.
Having drunk my fill, I set out for the hills, among which I hoped to
find some hiding-place, and as it became broad daylight I entered a small
grove of trees which grew on the side of a deep ravine. Here I resolved to
wait till dusk. I had one consolation: no one in the world knew where I
was—I did not know myself. It was now four o'clock. Fourteen hours lay
between me and the night. My impatience to proceed, while I was still
strong, doubled their length. At first it was terribly cold, but by degrees
the sun gained power, and by ten o'clock the heat was oppressive. My sole
companion was a gigantic vulture, who manifested an extravagant interest in
my condition, and made hideous and ominous gurglings from time to time. From
my lofty position I commanded a view of the whole valley. A little
tin-roofed town lay three miles to the westward. Scattered farmsteads, each
with a clump of trees, relieved the monotony of the undulating ground. At
the foot of the hill stood a Kaffir kraal, and the figures of its
inhabitants dotted the patches of cultivation or surrounded the droves of
goats and cows which fed on the pasture. The railway ran through the middle
of the valley, and I could watch the passage of the various trains. I
counted four passing each way, and from this I drew the conclusion that the
same number would run by night. I marked a steep gradient up which they
climbed very slowly, and determined at nightfall to make another attempt to
board one of these. During the day I ate one slab of chocolate, which, with
the heat, produced a violent thirst. The pool was hardly half a mile away,
but I dared not leave the shelter of the little wood, for I could see the
figures of white men riding or walking occasionally across the valley, and
once a Boer came and fired two shots at birds close to my hiding-place. But
no one discovered me.
The elation and the excitement of the previous night had burnt away, and
a chilling reaction followed. I was very hungry, for I had had no dinner
before starting, and chocolate, though it sustains, does not satisfy. I had
scarcely slept, but yet my heart beat so fiercely and I was so nervous and
perplexed about the future that I could not rest. I thought of all the
chances that lay against me; I dreaded and detested more than words can
express the prospect of being caught and dragged back to Pretoria. I do not
mean that I would rather have died than have been retaken, but I have often
feared death for much less. I found no comfort in any of the philosophical
ideas which some men parade in their hours of ease and strength and safety.
They seemed only fair-weather friends. I realised with awful force that no
exercise of my own feeble wit and strength could save me from my enemies,
and that without the assistance of that High Power which interferes in the
eternal sequence of causes and effects more often than we are always prone
to admit, I could never succeed. I prayed long and earnestly for help and
guidance. My prayer, as it seems to me, was swiftly and wonderfully
answered, I cannot now relate the strange circumstances which followed, and
which changed my nearly hopeless position into one of superior advantage.
But after the war is over I shall hope to lengthen this account, and so
remarkable will the addition be that I cannot believe the reader will
complain.
The long day reached its close at last. The western clouds flushed into
fire; the shadows of the hills stretched out across the valley. A ponderous
Boer waggon, with its long team, crawled slowly along the track towards the
town. The Kaffirs collected their herds and drew around their kraal. The
daylight died, and soon it was quite dark. Then, and not till then, I set
forth, I hurried to the railway line, pausing on my way to drink at a stream
of sweet, cold water. I waited for some time at the top of the steep
gradient in the hope of catching a train. But none came, and I gradually
guessed, and I have since found that I guessed right, that the train I had
already travelled in was the only one that ran at night. At last I resolved
to walk on, and make, at any rate, twenty miles of my journey. I walked for
about six hours. How far I travelled I do not know, but I do not think that
it was very many miles in the direct line. Every bridge was guarded by armed
men; every few miles were gangers' huts; at intervals there were stations
with villages clustering round them. All the veldt was bathed in the bright
rays of the full moon, and to avoid these dangerous places I had to make
wide circuits and often to creep along the ground. Leaving the railroad I
fell into bogs and swamps, and brushed through high grass dripping with dew,
so that I was drenched to the waist. I had been able to take little exercise
during my month's imprisonment, and I was soon tired out with walking, as
well as from want of food and sleep. I felt very miserable when I looked
around and saw here and there the lights of houses, and thought of the
warmth and comfort within them, but knew that they only meant danger to me.
After six or seven hours of walking I thought it unwise to go further lest I
should exhaust myself, so I lay down in a ditch to sleep. I was nearly at
the end of my tether. Nevertheless, by the will of God, I was enabled to
sustain myself during the next few days, obtaining food at great risk here
and there, resting in concealment by day and walking only at night. On the
fifth day I was beyond Middelburg, so far as I could tell, for I dared not
inquire nor as yet approach the stations near enough to read the names. In a
secure hiding-place I waited for a suitable train, knowing that there is a
through service between Middelburg and Lourenço Marques.
Meanwhile there had been excitement in the States Model Schools,
temporarily converted into a military prison. Early on Wednesday
morning—barely twelve hours after I had escaped—my absence was discovered—I
think by Dr. Gunning. The alarm was given. Telegrams with my description at
great length were despatched along all the railways. Three thousand
photographs were printed. A warrant was issued for my immediate arrest.
Every train was strictly searched. Everyone was on the watch. The worthy
Boshof, who knew my face well, was hurried off to Komati Poort to examine
all and sundry people "with red hair" travelling towards the frontier. The
newspapers made so much of the affair that my humble fortunes and my
whereabouts were discussed in long columns of print, and even in the crash
of the war I became to the Boers a topic all to myself. The rumours in part
amused me. It was certain, said the "Standard and Diggers' News," that I had
escaped disguised as a woman. The next day I was reported captured at Komati
Poort dressed as a Transvaal policeman. There was great delight at this,
which was only changed to doubt when other telegrams said that I had been
arrested at Brugsbank, at Middelburg, and at Bronkerspruit. But the captives
proved to be harmless people after all. Finally it was agreed that I had
never left Pretoria. I had—it appeared—changed clothes with a waiter, and
was now in hiding at the house of some British sympathiser in the capital.
On the strength of this all the houses of suspected persons were searched
from top to bottom, and these unfortunate people were, I fear, put to a
great deal of inconvenience. A special commission was also appointed to
investigate 'stringently' (a most hateful adjective in such a connection)
the causes 'which had rendered it possible for the War Correspondent of the
"Morning Post" to escape.'
The 'Volksstem' noticed as a significant fact that I had recently become
a subscriber to the State Library, and had selected Mill's essay 'On
Liberty.' It apparently desired to gravely deprecate prisoners having access
to such inflammatory literature. The idea will, perhaps, amuse those who
have read the work in question.
I find it very difficult in the face of the extraordinary efforts which
were made to recapture me, to believe that the Transvaal Government
seriously contemplated my release before they knew I had escaped
them. Yet a telegram was swiftly despatched from Pretoria to all the
newspapers, setting forth the terms of a most admirable letter, in which
General Joubert explained the grounds which prompted him generously to
restore my liberty. I am inclined to think that the Boers hate being beaten
even in the smallest things, and always fight on the win, tie, or wrangle
principle; but in my case I rejoice I am not beholden to them, and have not
thus been disqualified from fighting.
All these things may provoke a smile of indifference, perhaps even of
triumph, after the danger is past; but during the days when I was lying up
in holes and corners, waiting for a good chance to board a train, the causes
that had led to them preyed more than I knew on my nerves. To be an outcast,
to be hunted, to lie under a warrant for arrest, to fear every man, to have
imprisonment—not necessarily military confinement either—hanging overhead,
to fly the light, to doubt the shadows—all these things ate into my soul and
have left an impression that will not perhaps be easily effaced.
On the sixth day the chance I had patiently waited for came. I found a
convenient train duly labelled to Lourenço Marques standing in a siding. I
withdrew to a suitable spot for boarding it—for I dared not make the attempt
in the station—and, filling a bottle with water to drink on the way, I
prepared for the last stage of my journey.
The truck in which I ensconced myself was laden with great sacks of some
soft merchandise, and I found among them holes and crevices by means of
which I managed to work my way to the inmost recess. The hard floor was
littered with gritty coal dust, and made a most uncomfortable bed. The heat
was almost stifling. I was resolved, however, that nothing should lure or
compel me from my hiding-place until I reached Portuguese territory. I
expected the journey to take thirty-six hours; it dragged out into two and a
half days. I hardly dared sleep for fear of snoring.
I dreaded lest the trucks should be searched at Komati Poort, and my
anxiety as the train approached this neighbourhood was very great. To
prolong it we were shunted on to a siding for eighteen hours either at
Komati Poort or the station beyond it. Once indeed they began to search my
truck, and I heard the tarpaulin rustle as they pulled at it, but luckily
they did not search deep enough, so that, providentially protected, I
reached Delagoa Bay at last, and crawled forth from my place of refuge and
of punishment, weary, dirty, hungry, but free once more.
Thereafter everything smiled. I found my way to the British Consul, Mr.
Ross, who at first mistook me for a fireman off one of the ships in the
harbour, but soon welcomed me with enthusiasm. I bought clothes, I washed, I
sat down to dinner with a real tablecloth and real glasses; and fortune,
determined not to overlook the smallest detail, had arranged that the
steamer 'Induna' should leave that very night for Durban. As soon as the
news of my arrival spread about the town, I received many offers of
assistance from the English residents, and lest any of the Boer agents with
whom Lourenço Marques is infested should attempt to recapture me in neutral
territory, nearly a dozen gentlemen escorted me to the steamer armed with
revolvers. It is from the cabin of this little vessel, as she coasts along
the sandy shores of Africa, that I write the concluding lines of this
letter, and the reader who may persevere through this hurried account will
perhaps understand why I write them with a feeling of triumph, and better
than triumph, a feeling of pure joy.
