Estcourt: November 10, 1899.
When I awoke yesterday morning there was a strange tremor in the air. A
gang of platelayers and navvies were making a new siding by the station, and
sounds of hammering also came from the engine shed. But this tremor made
itself felt above these and all the other noises of a waking camp, a silent
thudding, a vibration which scarcely seemed to constitute what is called
sound, yet which left an intense impression on the ear. I went outside the
tent to listen. Morning had just broken, and the air was still and clear.
What little wind there was came from the northwards, from the direction of
Ladysmith, and I knew that it carried to Estcourt the sound of distant
cannon. When once the sounds had been localised it was possible to examine
them more carefully. There were two kinds of reports: one almost a boom, the
explosion evidently of some very heavy piece of ordnance; the other only a
penetrating whisper, that of ordinary field guns. A heavy cannonade was
proceeding. The smaller pieces fired at brief intervals, sometimes three or
four shots followed in quick succession. Every few minutes the heavier gun
or guns intervened. What was happening? We could only try to guess, nor do
we yet know whether our guesses were right. It seems to me, however, that
Sir George White must have made an attack at dawn on some persecuting Boer
battery, and so brought on a general action.
Later in the day we rode out to find some nearer listening point. The
whole force was making a reconnaissance towards Colenso, partly for reasons
of security, partly to exercise the horses and men. Galloping over the
beautiful grassy hills to the north of the town, I soon reached a spot
whence the column could be seen. First of all came a cyclist—a Natal
volunteer pedalling leisurely along with his rifle slung across his
back—then two more, then about twenty. Next, after an interval of a quarter
of a mile, rode the cavalry—the squadron of the Imperial Light Horse, sixty
Natal Carabineers, a company of mounted infantry, and about forty of the
Natal mounted police. That is the total cavalry force in Natal, all the rest
is bottled up in Ladysmith, and scarcely three hundred horsemen are
available for the defence of the colony against a hostile army entirely
composed of mounted men. Small were their numbers, but the quality was good.
The Imperial Light Horse have shown their courage, and have only to display
their discipline to equal advantage to be considered first-class soldiers.
The Natal Carabineers are excellent volunteer cavalry: the police an alert
and reliable troop. After the horse the foot: the Dublin Fusiliers wound up
the hill like a long brown snake. This is a fine regiment, which
distinguished itself at Glencoe, and have since impressed all who have been
brought in contact with it. The cheery faces of the Irishmen wore a proud
and confident expression. They had seen war. The other battalion—the Border
Regiment—had yet their spurs to win. The volunteer battery was sandwiched
between the two British battalions, and the rear of the column was brought
up by the Durban volunteers. The force, when it had thus passed in review,
looked painfully small, and this impression was aggravated by the knowledge
of all that depended on it.
A high, flat-topped hill to the north-west promised a wide field of
vision and a nearer listening point for the Ladysmith cannonade, which still
throbbed and thudded dully. With my two companions I rode towards it, and
after an hour's climb reached the summit. The land lay spread before us like
a map. Estcourt, indeed, was hidden by its engulfing hills, but Colenso was
plainly visible, and the tin roofs of the houses showed in squares and
oblongs of pale blue against the brown background of the mountain. Far away
to the east the dark serrated range of the Drakensberg rose in a mighty
wall. But it was not on these features that we turned our glasses. To the
right of Colenso the hills were lower and more broken, and the country
behind, though misty and indistinct, was exposed to view. First there was a
region of low rocky hills rising in strange confusion and falling away on
the further side to a hollow. Above this extensive depression clouds of
smoke from grass and other fires hung and drifted, like steam over a
cauldron. At the bottom—invisible in spite of our great elevation—stood the
town and camp of Ladysmith. Westward rose the long, black, hog-backed
outline of Bulwana Hill, and while we watched intently the ghost of a flash
stabbed its side and a white patch sprang into existence, spread thinner,
and vanished away. 'Long Tom' was at his business.
The owner of the nearest farm joined us while we were thus engaged—a
tall, red-bearded man of grave and intelligent mien. 'They've had heavy
fighting this morning,' he said. 'Not since Monday week' (the Black Monday
of the war) 'has there been such firing. But they are nearly finished now
for the day.' Absorbed by the distant drama, all the more thrilling since
its meaning was doubtful and mysterious, we had shown ourselves against the
sky-line, and our conversation was now suddenly interrupted. Over the crest
of the hill to the rear, two horsemen trotted swiftly into view. A hundred
yards away to the left three or four more were dismounting among the rocks.
Three other figures appeared on the other side. We were surrounded—but by
the Natal Carabineers. 'Got you, I think,' said the sergeant, who now
arrived. 'Will you kindly tell us all about who you are?' We introduced
ourselves as President Kruger and General Joubert, and presented the farmer
as Mr. Schreiner, who had come to a secret conference, and having produced
our passes, satisfied the patrol that we were not eligible for capture. The
sergeant looked disappointed. 'It took us half an hour to stalk you, but if
you had only been Dutchmen we'd have had you fixed up properly.' Indeed, the
whole manoeuvre had been neatly and cleverly executed, and showed the
smartness and efficiency of these irregular forces in all matters of
scouting and reconnaissance. The patrol was then appeased by being
photographed 'for the London papers,' and we hastened to accept the farmer's
invitation to lunch. 'Only plain fare,' said he, 'but perhaps you are used
to roughing it.'
The farm stood in a sheltered angle of the hill at no great distance from
its summit. It was a good-sized house, with stone walls and a corrugated
iron roof. A few sheds and outhouses surrounded it, four or five blue gums
afforded a little shade from the sun and a little relief to the grassy
smoothness of the landscape. Two women met us at the door, one the wife, the
other, I think, the sister of our host. Neither was young, but their smiling
faces showed the invigorating effects of this delicious air. 'These are
anxious times,' said the older; 'we hear the cannonading every morning at
breakfast. What will come of it all?' Over a most excellent luncheon we
discussed many things with these kind people, and spoke of how the nation
was this time resolved to make an end of the long quarrel with the Boers, so
that there should be no more uncertainty and alarm among loyal subjects of
the Queen. 'We have always known,' said the farmer, 'that it must end in
war, and I cannot say I am sorry it has come at last. But it falls heavily
on us. I am the only man for twenty miles who has not left his farm. Of
course we are defenceless here. Any day the Dutchmen may come. They wouldn't
kill us, but they would burn or plunder everything, and it's all I've got in
the world. Fifteen years have I worked at this place, and I said to myself
we may as well stay and face it out, whatever happens.' Indeed, it was an
anxious time for such a man. He had bought the ground, built the house,
reclaimed waste tracts, enriched the land with corn and cattle, sunk all his
capital in the enterprise, and backed it with the best energies of his life.
Now everything might be wrecked in an hour by a wandering Boer patrol. And
this was happening to a loyal and law-abiding British subject more than a
hundred miles within the frontiers of her Majesty's dominions! Now I felt
the bitter need for soldiers—thousands of soldiers—so that such a man as
this might be assured. With what pride and joy could one have said: 'Work
on, the fruits of your industry are safe. Under the strong arm of the
Imperial Government your home shall be secure, and if perchance you suffer
in the disputes of the Empire the public wealth shall restore your private
losses.' But when I recalled the scanty force which alone kept the field,
and stood between the enemy and the rest of Natal, I knew the first would be
an empty boast, and, remembering what had happened on other occasions, I
thought the second might prove a barren promise.
We started on our long ride home, for the afternoon was wearing away and
picket lines are dangerous at dusk. The military situation is without doubt
at this moment most grave and critical. We have been at war three weeks. The
army that was to have defended Natal, and was indeed expected to repulse the
invaders with terrible loss, is blockaded and bombarded in its fortified
camp. At nearly every point along the circle of the frontiers the Boers have
advanced and the British retreated. Wherever we have stood we have been
surrounded. The losses in the fighting have not been unequal—nor,
considering the numbers engaged and the weapons employed, have they been
very severe. But the Boers hold more than 1,200 unwounded British prisoners,
a number that bears a disgraceful proportion to the casualty lists, and a
very unsatisfactory relation to the number of Dutchmen that we have taken.
All this is mainly the result of being unready. That we are unready is
largely due to those in England who have endeavoured by every means in their
power to hamper and obstruct the Government, who have scoffed at the
possibility of the Boers becoming the aggressors, and who have represented
every precaution for the defence of the colonies as a deliberate provocation
to the Transvaal State. It is also due to an extraordinary under-estimation
of the strength of the Boers. These military republics have been for ten
years cherishing vast ambitions, and for five years, enriched by the gold
mines, they have been arming and preparing for the struggle. They have
neglected nothing, and it is a very remarkable fact that these ignorant
peasant communities have had the wisdom and the enterprise to possess
themselves of good advisers, and to utilise the best expert opinion in all
matters of armament and war.
Their artillery is inferior in numbers, but in nothing else, to ours.
Yesterday I visited Colenso in the armoured train. In one of the deserted
British-built redoubts I found two boxes of shrapnel shells and charges. The
Boers had not troubled to touch them. Their guns were of a later pattern,
and fired powder and shell made up together like a great rifle cartridge.
The combination, made for the first time in the history of war, of heavy
artillery and swarms of mounted infantry is formidable and effective. The
enduring courage and confident spirit of the enemy must also excite
surprise. In short, we have grossly underrated their fighting powers. Most
people in England—I, among them—thought that the Boer ultimatum was an act
of despair, that the Dutch would make one fight for their honour, and, once
defeated, would accept the inevitable. All I have heard and whatever I have
seen out here contradict these false ideas. Anger, hatred, and the
consciousness of military power impelled, the Boers to war. They would
rather have fought at their own time—a year or two later—when their
preparations were still further advanced, and when the British were,
perhaps, involved in other quarters. But, after all, the moment was ripe.
Nearly everything was ready, and the whole people sprang to arms with
alacrity, firmly believing that they would drive the British into the sea.
To that opinion they still adhere. I do not myself share it; but it cannot
be denied that it seems less absurd to-day than it did before a shot had
been fired.
To return to Estcourt. Here we are passing through a most dangerous
period. The garrison is utterly insufficient to resist the Boers; the
position wholly indefensible. Indeed, we exist here on sufferance. If the
enemy attack, the troops must fall back on Pietermaritzburg, if for no other
reason because they are the only force available for the defence of the
strong lines now being formed around the chief town. There are so few
cavalry outside Ladysmith that the Boers could raid in all directions. All
this will have been changed long before this letter reaches you, or I should
not send it, but as I write the situation is saved only by what seems to me
the over-confidence of the enemy. They are concentrating all their efforts
on Ladysmith, and evidently hope to compel its surrender. It may, however,
be said with absolute certainty that the place can hold out for a month at
the least. How, then, could the Boers obtain the necessary time to reduce
it? The reinforcements are on the seas. The railway works regularly with the
coast. Even now sidings are being constructed and troop trains prepared. It
is with all this that they should interfere, and they are perfectly
competent to do so. They could compel us to retreat on Pietermaritzburg,
they could tear up the railway, they could blow up the bridges; and by all
these means they could delay the arrival of a relieving army, and so have a
longer time to worry Ladysmith, and a better chance of making it a second
Saratoga. Since Saturday last that has been our fear. Nearly a week has
passed and nothing has happened. The chance of the Boers is fleeting; the
transports approach the land; scarcely forty-eight hours remain. Yet, as I
write, they have done nothing. Why? To some extent I think they have been
influenced by the fear of the Tugela River rising behind their raiding
parties, and cutting their line of retreat; to some extent by the serene and
confident way in which General Wolfe Murray, placed in a most trying
position, has handled his force and maintained by frequent reconnaissance
and a determined attitude the appearance of actual strength; but when all
has been said on these grounds, the fact will remain that the enemy have not
destroyed the railway because they do not fear the reinforcements that are
coming, because they do not believe that many will come, and because they
are sure that, however many may come, they will defeat them. To this end
they preserve the line, and watch the bridges as carefully as we do. It is
by the railway that they are to be supplied in their march through Natal to
the sea. After what they have accomplished it would be foolish to laugh at
any of their ambitions, however wicked and extravagant these may be; but it
appears to most military critics at this moment that they have committed a
serious strategic error, and have thrown away the chance they had almost
won. How much that error will cost them will depend on the operations of the
relieving force, which I shall hope to chronicle as fully as possible in
future letters.
